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I understand the point of the question from a scientific perspective, but if it was possible for God to bring a plague of darkness on the Egyptians, while at the same time providing light to the Israelites (Exodus 10:21-23), or to delay the setting of the sun at Joshua's request (Joshua 10:12-14), I have no difficulty in accepting His ability to dim or "turn off" the sun's light (or to allow that dimming through His permissive will) to whatever degree or by whatever means He chooses.
I humbly submit for your consideration a scientifically known answer. But first let us consider this statement of fact. (Isaiah 46:10) An example would be the ageless sun blocking volcanic eruptions. In 1883 Indonesia's Krakatoa erupted, causing a five-year volcanic winter. In our age consider: a single Thermal Nuclear Detonation where there are tons of earthy debris exploded into our atmosphere. (Ezekiel 33:6) Atmospheric debris from an exchange of multi-nuclear detonations? Example: a nuclear attack with its response in kind would place unknown tons of debris above us all. Further, this sun-blocking heavy thick cloud would circle the earth for years. This man-imposed NUCLEAR WINTER could in time kill all sun-dependent life on our once green earth. Bottom Line: Our previous administration had Iran on the verge of economic collapse. Within one month the current administration resuscitated that regime, loosening those restrictions. Today, Iran is only weeks away from a nuclear device. Something Israel has sworn not to allow? (Luke 21:28) "History is littered with wars which everybody knew would never happen." ~Enoch Powell "We do not love violence, but sometimes the real world compels us toward moral clarity." ~James Lewis In the LORD's freedom warrior on..
Most scholars see this as a symbolic representation of a significant, catastrophic event causing a major reduction in light from these celestial bodies. It definitely will be catastrophic but also limited by God. I don't think it is intended to mean an exact measurement. Revelation 8:12's "third part" indicates to me that it will not be a total obscuration as in the sixth seal (Rev 6:12, 13). See the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary.
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